The Impact of Esketamine on Depression: Targeting Oxidative Stress and Neuronal Apoptosis Through BDNF/TrkB/PI3K/AKT Pathway Activation

Esketamine alleviates depressive behaviors by activating the BDNF/TrkB/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, reducing oxidative stress and inhibiting neuronal apoptosis. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of esketamine in treating depression, particularly in cases where traditional treatments fail.