Targeted Intracellular Copper Reservoir Enhances Liver Cancer Immunotherapy

⁺ from superoxide dismutase, initiating a Fenton-like reaction induced by glutathione that produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Cu⁺. This cascade induces cuproptosis and immunogenic cell death (ICD), promoting robust cytotoxic T lymphocyte infiltration in HCC. The combination of STCNs with anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) therapy demonstrates significant anti-tumor efficacy in vivo. Moreover, this strategy exhibits similar effectiveness in other solid tumor models, underscoring its broad therapeutic potential. These findings provide a promising framework for enhancing immunotherapy in cold tumors, paving the way for future cancer treatments.