Fundamentals of Metamaterials

This chapter describes the fundamentals of left-handed metamaterials. From Maxwell's equations, constant phase term is originated, and it is revealed that its negative value is chosen in a negative permittivity and negative permeability (DNG) medium whereas its positive value is designated in a DPS medium. The negative phase constant results in a negative phase velocity and negative index of refraction in the medium. Complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) as a valuable metamaterial component is illustrated. The resonant frequencies of the CSRR are associated with the features of their arrangements. CSRR is agitated with the E field of the electric and magnetic wave together with the axis of the CSRR. Consequently, the CSRR presents negative permittivity in a particular frequency band.