医学
卵圆孔未闭
经皮
反常栓塞
外科
分流(医疗)
冲程(发动机)
心脏病学
栓塞
卵圆孔(心脏)
内科学
透视
前瞻性队列研究
机械工程
工程类
作者
Andreas Wahl,Martin Kunz,Aris Moschovitis,Thuraia Nageh,Markus Schwerzmann,Christian Seiler,Heinrich Mattle,Stephan Windecker,Bernhard Meier
出处
期刊:Heart
[BMJ]
日期:2008-03-01
卷期号:94 (3): 336-341
被引量:76
标识
DOI:10.1136/hrt.2007.118505
摘要
Objectives:
To carry out long-term follow-up after percutaneous closure of patent foramen ovale (PFO) in patients with cryptogenic stroke. Design:
Prospective cohort study. Setting:
Single tertiary care centre. Participants:
525 consecutive patients (mean (SD) age 51 (12) years; 56% male). Interventions:
Percutaneous PFO closure without intraprocedural echocardiography. Main outcome measures:
Freedom from recurrent embolic events. Results:
A mean (SD) of 1.7 (1.0) clinically apparent embolic events occurred for each patient, and 186 patients (35%) had >1 event. An atrial septal aneurysm was associated with the PFO in 161 patients (31%). All patients were followed up prospectively for up to 11 years. The implantation procedure failed in two patients (0.4%). There were 13 procedural complications (2.5%) without any long-term sequelae. Contrast transoesophageal echocardiography at 6 months showed complete closure in 86% of patients, and a minimal, moderate or large residual shunt in 9%, 3% and 2%, respectively. Patients with small occluders (<30 mm; n = 429) had fewer residual shunts (small 11% vs large 27%; p<0.001). During a mean (SD) follow-up of 2.9 (2.2) years (median 2.3 years; total 1534 patient-years), six ischaemic strokes, nine transient ischaemic attacks (TIAs) and two peripheral emboli occurred. Freedom from recurrent stroke, TIA, or peripheral embolism was 98% at 1 year, 97% at 2 years and 96% at 5 and 10 years, respectively. A residual shunt (hazard ratio = 3.4; 95% CI 1.3 to 9.2) was a risk factor for recurrence. Conclusions:
This study attests to the long-term safety and efficacy of percutaneous PFO closure guided by fluoroscopy only for secondary prevention of paradoxical embolism in a large cohort of consecutive patients.
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