Review on magnetically controlled arc welding process

External magnetic field (EMF) has a strong effect on the welding arc shape, droplet transfer, weld forming, microstructure, and properties of joint metal. This paper defines the types of external magnetic field and reviews the development of magnetically controlled arc welding process, particularly, the effect of external magnetic field parameters on the welding process. It is found that the welding productivity, the weld formation, the ductility, and toughness of welded metal can be improved; and the welding residual stresses, the chemical inhomogeneity, and the welding defects can be reduced. Finally, the development trend is discussed in the later sections of the paper.