Although asynchronous communication is an important way to realize online collaboration, it is difficult to organize further collaboration in the process of real communication. In order to make a deep research on online asynchronous communication, this paper constructs a analytical framework of asynchronous communication, analyses the interactive text of distance education from the cognitive, metacognitive , interactive , participative and social dimensions, discusses the existing problem of online communication, at last, gives some advice on how to organize effective online asynchronous communication