Mixed-mode chromatographic stationary phases: Recent advancements and its applications for high-performance liquid chromatography

Chromatographic stationary phase is the core of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system. Thereinto, the development of novel stationary phases with high separation efficiency and excellent selectivity has always been the focus of the study. Mixed-mode stationary phases have been proved to be with the merits of high separation selectivity, remarkably high loading capacity, and high separation efficiency. In this study, the recently reported particle-based mixed-mode stationary phases are summarized, especially for those reported in the recent 5 years. These stationary phases are classified based on the HPLC modes, emphasizing the preparation methods and further applications. Furthermore, the recently reported monolithic-based mixed-mode stationary phases for HPLC are also included.