Silicon Photonics Modulators and Photodetectors for Next-Generation CPO and Optical I/O

We review the recent performance of high-speed, high-efficiency electro-optical modulators and photo-detectors, targeting next-generation co-packaged optics (CPO) operating at 400G/lane and future Optical I/O (OIO), employing a "wide-and-slow" parallel interface. We focus on compact devices, including Si ring and disk modulators, as well as electro-absorption modulators implemented in Ge(Si) or through heterogeneous InP-on-Si integration. Finally, we provide a performance overview of recently developed Si-integrated Ge photodetectors, capable of supporting both next-generation CPO and Optical I/O.