Morphological Bionics and Functional Integration Technologies for Bio-inspired Robots

Probing tasks in complex and unknown working environments are placing increasingly demanding requirements on robots in terms of terrain adaptability and locomotion agility. Against this background, conventional rigid robots have shown obvious shortcomings, while bio-inspired robots—developed on the basis of biological body shapes and motion mechanisms—have gradually become one of the most compelling research directions in robotics. Taking operating scenarios as the organizing thread, this paper sorts out morphological bionic design methods and summarizes how representative bio-inspired robot configurations perform in terms of technical characteristics, locomotion capability, and suitable working conditions. The analysis shows that most existing bio-inspired robots are geared toward a single scenario, and their motion ability still falls noticeably short of the biological organisms they imitate. In response to these problems, follow-up research may draw on multimodal reconfigurable morphologies and deep-learning-assisted design to improve the overall performance of bio-inspired robots. The paper reviews the morphological design logic and functional integration schemes of bio-inspired robots under multi-scenario conditions, with the aim of offering a useful theoretical reference and technical route for the development of high-performance bio-inspired robots for specialized missions.