材料科学
湿度
水分
再分配(选举)
电压
工作(物理)
电势能
动能
聚合物
光电子学
电容
不对称
相对湿度
功率密度
限制
离子键合
化学工程
能量收集
等温过程
共晶体系
电解质
复合材料
机械
补偿(心理学)
纳米技术
作者
Xiao Xiao,Xiangchun Meng,Samy M. Shaban,So‐Hee Kim,Yoojin Park,Sang‐Woo Kim,Dong‐Hwan Kim
摘要
ABSTRACT Hydrovoltaic energy harvesters provide a passive strategy for converting ambient moisture into electricity. However, their electrical output often rapidly decays after the removal of humidity stimulation, limiting their operation under dynamic environmental conditions. Here, we report a polyurethane‐derived polymer hydrovoltaic energy harvester (pp‐HEH) based on a hygroscopic polymeric deep eutectic solvent (HyPU DES ). The ionic and polar sites within HyPU DES enable rapid moisture adsorption, while the coupled interactions within the polymer network regulate subsequent moisture redistribution and release. This kinetic asymmetry between rapid moisture uptake and slow post‐stimulus water redistribution enables sustained hydrovoltaic output beyond the period of external humidity exposure. At 90% RH, the pp‐HEH delivers an open‐circuit voltage of 487 mV and a current density of 1.62 µA cm −2 . After 30 min exposure to 90% RH, the device maintains a voltage response for more than 120 min under 20 ± 5% RH after humidity withdrawal. This work demonstrates a material‐level strategy for extending hydrovoltaic response windows by regulating moisture transport kinetics, providing potential opportunities for self‐powered wearable and distributed electronic systems.
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