Biocatalytic strategies for steroid synthesis: from side-chain remodeling to precision scaffold functionalization

synthesis of steroid intermediates, (iii) the identification of rare-site steroid hydroxylases for the efficient production of highly oxidized steroids, (iv) the engineering of P450 peroxygenase activity, and (v) the elucidation of biosynthetic pathways for the C17 side chain of high-value steroid natural products. Overall, this review aims to provide theoretical insights that can guide the development of more efficient steroid synthesis strategies.