灵活性(工程)
氨
氨生产
氮气
环境科学
化学
人工光合作用
生化工程
效率低下
工艺工程
催化作用
计算机科学
纳米技术
选择性催化还原
材料科学
工程类
有机化学
数学
光催化
经济
微观经济学
统计
作者
Antonio J. Martín,Tatsuya Shinagawa,Javier Pérez‐Ramírez
出处
期刊:Chem
[Elsevier]
日期:2019-02-01
卷期号:5 (2): 263-283
被引量:344
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.chempr.2018.10.010
摘要
The electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (eN2RR) is an emerging route complementing one of the pillars of the chemical industry, the Haber-Bosch (HB) process. Its flexibility expands suitable operating conditions from highly pure nitrogen and hydrogen streams and high temperature to very mild ones, such as air and water at ambient conditions, which can expand the ammonia synthesis toward the on-site production of carbon-neutral fertilizers when powered, for instance, by sunlight (ammonia artificial leaf). This review uses performance maps to (1) provide a bird's-eye view of the gap separating it from practical implementation and (2) identify sources of inefficiency, mostly associated with the reduced ability of available catalysts to operate with high energy efficiency. In addition, we discuss basic aspects influencing the design of an ammonia artificial leaf and comment on future directions.
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