Photovoltaic modules transient response analysis and correction under a fast characterization system

Failures of single photovoltaic (PV) modules lead to significant power losses in large PV systems. Individual and periodic monitoring of each PV module is a powerful way to detect these losses. Recently, a novel monitoring method, named Module to Module Monitoring System (M3S), has been proposed. This monitoring method, without disconnecting the PV module from the rest of the system, is able to produce and measure small variations around the operating point of the PV module. The entire measurement is performed in less than 5 ms, using only low-power components. For current high-efficiency PV modules, these short measurement times generate a hysteresis effect in the current–voltage (I-V) curve during the transient-state, which makes it difficult to directly estimate the static I-V characteristics of the PV module. In this work, the transient response of the PV module is analyzed and a methodology to correct the hysteresis effect and estimate the I-V characteristics is implemented. From the obtained dynamic measurements, the proposed methodology is able to estimate the I-V characteristics of the PV module around the operating point with a mean squared error below 0.8%.