An Adaptive Resilient Load Frequency Controller for Smart Grids With DoS Attacks

Load frequency control (LFC) is widely employed to keep smart grids stable and secure. This paper proposes an adaptive resilient LFC scheme for sub-systems of smart grids under denial-of-service (DoS) attacks with energy constraint. Firstly, a resilient triggering communication scheme is introduced, where the triggering condition includes the uncertainty item induced by DoS attacks. Secondly, an adaptive resilient event-triggering LFC scheme is proposed to further reduce the communication burden and defeat the DoS attacks, where the event-triggering parameter can be dynamically adjusted. Third, a stability criterion is derived for Proportional Integral-based LFC systems by employing Lyapunov theory. Finally, to validate the proposed control scheme, case studies are carried out based on three different LFC power generation systems including one-area, two-area and three-area models. The simulation results clearly demonstrate that the proposed adaptive resilient LFC scheme can reduce the communication burden while defeating DoS attacks by comparing with resilient event-triggering LFC scheme and event-triggering LFC scheme in term of defense effect and average triggering period.