Outcomes of Acute Operative Repair of Complete Digital Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Collateral Ligament Ruptures: A Systematic Review

Background: No consensus exists regarding the management of complete collateral ligament injuries of the proximal interphalangeal joint (PIPJ) of fingers. Methods: We aimed to systematically review the outcomes of Acute (< 1 month) surgical repairs of these injuries. Outcomes assessed included Stability, Pain, Range-of-Motion and Return to Function. The Modified Coleman Methodology Score (MCMS) was utilised in critical appraisal. Results: 70 patients with complete collateral ligament injuries of the PIPJ were identified in 5 studies. 49 were managed operatively and 21 non-operatively. All trials were methodologically flawed with a mean MCMS of 50.4, corresponding to a "Poor" Level of evidence. Conclusions: Whilst acute surgical repair of complete collateral ligament injuries of finger PIPJs are a described viable management option with promising results, there is insufficient high-quality evidence to inform current practice. Based on the current literature, no evidence-based conclusions can be made regarding superiority of acute surgical repair over conservative management or one method of surgical repair over another. Further high level studies are required.