Advances in synthesis and applications of boron nitride nanotubes: A review

Boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) have attracted worldwide research interest since 1995 due to their excellent properties and a wide range of applications in numerous fields. The development of efficient preparation routes for BNNTs has always been the primary obstacle, limiting their practical application. In recent years, several exciting achievements have been realized in BNNTs synthesis. This paper briefly overviews some history of BNNTs development and updates the recent advances in the synthesis of BNNTs, more focusing on the CVD method from the perspectives of experiment devices, precursors, catalyst, and temperature as well as their growth mechanisms. We also summarized some advanced applications of BNNTs in composites, water purification membranes, biological applications, and optical devices. Future challenges and opportunities in the synthesis and applications of BNNTs are discussed as well.