Robust In Situ Fouling Control toward Thin-Film Composite Reverse Osmosis Membrane via One-Step Deposition of a Ternary Homogeneous Metal–Organic Hybrid Layer

-loaded surface strongly inactivated the attached bacteria to further alleviate biofouling. Excellent sustainability and stability implied the reliable performance of such trinity-coated membrane in practical service. Given the simplicity and robustness, this work opened a promising avenue for in situ fouling control of TFC RO membranes during water desalination.