[Current status and research advances of high-temperature hazards in rice].

High temperature stress occurs frequently in rice due to global warming. High-temperature hazard during the booting-flowering and grain-filling stages is one of the major factors limiting rice yield and quality. Here, we summarized the occurrence characteristics (identification, classification, region, and time) of high-temperature hazards, and the effects of high temperature on rice growth and development, including physiology, grain yield, and grain quality. Furthermore, we reviewed molecular biology aspects including quantitative trait locus mapping, transcriptome analysis, proteome analysis, and the monitoring, early warning, risk assessment of high-temperature hazards in rice. The defensive measures against high temperature in rice including selecting heat-resistant varieties, improving field management practices and spraying exogenous substances were intensively described. Finally, future research work on high-temperature hazards in rice was prospected to provide the scientific support for rice high-temperature defense, agricultural disaster reduction, and agricultural efficiency improvement.全球气候变暖环境下,水稻高温热害频发,孕穗-开花期和灌浆期高温已成为制约水稻产量和品质的主要因素之一。本文综述了水稻高温热害的发生特点(鉴定与分级、区域和时间)和高温对水稻生长发育(生理、产量和品质)的影响,总结了水稻高温热害的数量性状座位定位、转录组和蛋白质组分析等分子生物学研究及监测预警与风险评估,重点阐述了高温热害的防御措施,包括选用耐热品种、改善田间管理和喷施外源物质,并对今后水稻高温热害研究进行了展望,以期为水稻高温热害防御和农业减灾增效提供科学支持。.