环境科学
生命周期评估
富营养化
生态系统
生态毒性
肥料
温室气体
人类健康
农学
生产(经济)
生态学
生物
营养物
环境卫生
化学
有机化学
毒性
经济
宏观经济学
医学
作者
Ling Zhang,Wushuai Zhang,Zhenling Cui,Yuncai Hu,Urs Schmidhalter,Xinping Chen
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.127620
摘要
Losses of nitrogen (N) fertilizers applied in the fields lead to adverse impacts on the environment quality, human and ecosystem health. Quantifying the integrated effects of N fertilizer on the environment, human health, and ecosystem economic benefits (EEB) is critical to developing sustainable N-management strategies. In this study, the life cycle assessment (LCA) and EEB evaluation of winter wheat under five N fertilizer levels for 12 years on the North China Plain (NCP) were performed. The LCA results demonstrated that, compared to the conventional N (Con. N) treatment, the optimal N treatment (Opt. N, 165 kg N ha−1 on average) based on in-season root-zone N management, substantially reduced greenhouse gas emissions, acidification, eutrophication, and energy consumption potentials per Mg of grain produced by reducing life-cycle pollutants emissions. Moreover, the increase in crop yield in the Opt. N indirectly reduced the life-cycle land use, water use, human toxicity, aquatic ecotoxicity, and terrestrial ecotoxicity potentials per Mg of grain produced compared to lower N application treatments. Consequently, Opt. N had the lowest aggregated environmental indicator (0.39 EcoX Mg−1). Also, Opt. N reduced the negative effects on human health by 28% and 31% compared to the without N treatment (CK) and Con. N treatments. In addition, the average N-derived EEB considering the cost from N fertilizer, ecosystem and human health effects was highest with Opt. N (1493 $ ha−1). This study demonstrates that long-term optimal N management in wheat production can increase ecosystem economic benefits while reducing harm to the ecosystem and human health, and the integrated assessment of this study could provide a more comprehensive view on sustainable N management strategy to the policy-makers and stake-holders.
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