Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for enzyme immobilization

Enzymes are highly selective and efficient biocatalyst. Enormous enzyme immobilization techniques have been stupendously studied to overcome the challenging catalytic condition of enzymes over the decades. Recently, many matrices have been employed as a support matrix for enzyme immobilization, but fascinating properties, including highly amenable structural design frameworks, tunable porosity, and high surface area of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) captivated considerable attention as groundbreaking potential material for enzyme immobilization. Many MOF-enzyme composites have shown extraordinary results by improving catalytic efficiency, thermal stability, reusability, enzyme loading, and accessibility to active sites. Here, we aim to describe recent developments in MOF-enzyme composites by emphasizing on synthesis strategies as surface immobilization, covalent binding, pore encapsulation, biomineralization, main characteristics, and mechanism along with potential applications. Additionally, the promising merits of MOF-enzyme as prodigious immobilization platform are discussed with the future development in the area of MOF-enzyme beyond its proof-of-concept studies.