Efficiency of Concentrated Growth Factor in the Surgical Treatment of Multiple Adjacent Papillary Losses: A Randomized, Controlled, Examiner-Blinded Clinical Trial Using CAD/CAM

This study aimed to create papilla with concentrated growth factor (CGF) in cases in which the interdental papilla was not able to fill the interproximal space (IPS) due to physiologic factors. A three-dimensional digital model of this space with the digital impression obtained from direct intraoral scanning of IPS was created. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of CGF in the regeneration of multiple adjacent papillary losses (MAPL), with the change in the IPS area calculated on intraorally scanned images obtained with digital impressions. This study included 160 teeth from 40 patients with 120 papillary losses. Patients were randomly allocated to the test group (TG) (n = 20), with 60 MAPL (three adjacent, lost interdental papillae per patient) receiving minimally invasive surgery with CGF, or the control group (CG) (n = 20), with 60 MAPL without surgery. A total of 480 images were uploaded to a software. The patients' age, gender, Plaque Index, bleeding on probing, and mean probing pocket depth values were evaluated. Papillary area (PA) were calculated between the two central, lateral-central, and lateral-canine teeth at baseline and posttreatment periods of 3, 6, and 12 months in both groups. Papillary filling percentage, keratinized-gingiva width, papillary thickness, thrombocyte, count and mean platelet volume were recorded in TG. Considering the variables in TG and CG, there was no difference in terms of age, gender, and periodontal parameters (P > .05). PA at 3, 6, and 12 months showed statistically significant differences from baseline values in TG (P < .001) but not in CG (P > .05). In TG, a moderate positive correlation was found between the midline papillary thickness and the 3-, 6-, and 12-month filling percentages (r: 0.506, P = .023; r: 0.509, P = .022; and r: 0.515, P = .02, respectively), and a high positive correlation was determined between thrombocyte count and the 6- and 12-month filling percentages (r: 0.733, P < .001; and r: 0.744, P < .001, respectively). CGF provided papillary regeneration in the treatment of MAPL and supported three-dimensional structure of the regenerated interdental papilla throughout 1 year.