结晶度
形态学(生物学)
掠入射小角散射
材料科学
有机半导体
太阳能电池
退火(玻璃)
纳米技术
光学
有机太阳能电池
微观结构
散射
薄膜
化学工程
光电子学
物理
复合材料
生物
小角中子散射
工程类
中子散射
聚合物
遗传学
作者
Asif Mahmood,Jin‐Liang Wang
出处
期刊:Solar RRL
[Wiley]
日期:2020-08-06
卷期号:4 (10)
被引量:112
标识
DOI:10.1002/solr.202000337
摘要
In recent years, a rapid evolution of organic solar cells (OSCs) has been achieved by virtue of structural design of active layer materials and optimization of film morphology. Along with other characterization techniques, grazing incidence small‐ and wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (GISAXS and GIWAXS) have played significant role in deeper understanding of film morphology. Herein, the importance of these techniques is explained with examples from various aspects of OSCs. Different pre‐ and post‐processing conditions such as solvent effect, solvent additive, solvent, and thermal annealing are studied in the framework of these techniques. Moreover, the impact of donor:acceptor ratio and molecular weight of semiconductor on microstructure is also explored. Finally, the effect of chemical structure of organic semiconductors (both polymers and small molecules) on the film morphology is discussed. These techniques provide valuable information about crystallinity, phase separation, and domain size of nanostructured film morphology, which helps to optimize the film morphology and enhances the performance of OSCs. The role of these techniques will become more important as the mystery of film morphology still has to be solved.
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