Microbiome Analysis of whole Saliva using Next Generation Sequencing Technology in Implant supported Prosthesis six months post loading

BACKGROUND: The etiology of periodontal disease and the importance of dental plaque in its initiation and progression have been extensively documented. Technological advancements in DNA sequencing and newer bioinformatics tools have enabled understanding the complexity of salivary microbiome in periodontal health and disease. Though pocket associated biofilm has been extensively researched, the microbiome present in sites with implants placed has very few documented research available, since implant therapy is widely used nowadays and the relationship between the microbiome in health and implant is still not completely understood, the aim of this study was to identify and characterize salivary microbiome using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) Technology in implant sites six months post loading MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of twenty samples containing unstimulated whole salivary samples from ten periodontally healthy sites and ten from patients with implants placed six months post prosthetic loading sites were collected and analyzed. The salivary microbiome was investigated with NGS technology using Illumina sequencing method. Amplicons from V3-V4 hypervariable regions of 16S rRNA gene were sequenced. Results obtained were represented according to taxonomic classification system of bacteria, and individual comparisons were depicted through tables, graphs and phylogenetic tree. RESULTS: A total of 10 phyla, 53 genera and 187 species were observed in healthy sites; and11 phyla, 60 genera and 228 species were found in the implant sites and this was reported in our study. Although no significant difference was observed in between groups at phylum level, a distinct salivary microbiome is found in implant samples when compared to healthy samples. CONCLUSION: The diverse microbial composition observed in periodontal health and implant sites represents a distinct change in the oral mmicrobiota at the species level. Understanding the differences in composition of salivary microbial community provides a broader insight into the pathogenesis of peri-implant diseases and normal healthy peri-implant conditoins.