Neurodevelopment disorders in children with congenital heart disease

Congenital heart disease is the most common congenital malformation.Neurodevelopmental disorder is one of the important complications of congenital heart disease.The mechanism of brain injury in CHD children is the result of complex interactions of individual factors and environmental effects, including different cardiac malformations, the effects of various interventions, such as cardiac surgery and perioperative care.Although preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative cerebral ischemia are known for the main mechanism of complex first-brain injury, the factors during hospitalization and after discharge may be part of reason of neurological dysfunction in children with CHD.These factors can be roughly divided into three categories according to the stage: prenatal, perioperative and after.discharge.In fact, the correlation of these three factors is difficult to distinguish in the same patient.A better understanding of the pathogenesis of brain injury in children with congenital heart disease is of positive significance for the improvement of long-term prognosis.This article reviews the mechanism and etiology of brain injury in children with congenital heart disease. Key words: Congenital heart disease; Heart surgery; Brain injury; Mechanism