Macaca nigra with spontaneous diabetes had less fasting immunoreactive insulin and more triglyceride, prebetalipoprotein, and nonesterified fatty acids than their normal counterparts. There were significant correlations among all the serum constituents measured which included insulin, fasting blood glucose, the three lipid components, and the diabetic status determined by an intravenous glucose tolerance test. The concentration of insulin is, apparently, central to the changes in lipids.