Objective:To explore the causes of anemia in elderly and the effect of anemia on survival in elderly,to improve the understanding of anemia in elderly.Methods:163 cases of anemia in elderly were retrospectively analyzed.Results:The top five causes of anemia in elderly were the iron deficiency anemia(19.6%),anemia of chronic disease(19.0%) and myelodysplastic syndromes(16.0%).A negative correlation was found between the level of chemotherapy-induced hemoglobin and rates of death.Conclusions:The causes of anemia in elderly were complex.Anemia is negatively impacts on survival.Anemia should be taken seriously in elderly,and early diagnosis,treatment in time,make definitely classifications,prevention and treatment and improving elderly living quality.