The toxicity of anthracene,phenanthrene,pyrene on Nitizschia closterium was studied in laboratory. The results showed that anthracene,phenanthrene,pyrene could inhibit the growth of Nitizschia closterium,and 48 h EC50was196. 54,125. 60,152. 86 μg / L,respectively. The effects of anthracene,phenanthrene,pyrene on the antioxidant system activity of Nitizschia closterium were significant. T-SOD activity,CAT activity and MDA content could be increased.Anthracene,phenanthrene,pyrene between two joint toxicity experiments showed that the combined effects of Nitizschia closterium responses of anthracene,phenanthrene,pyrene were synergistic effect.