This paper elucidates the usual technical means of the failure analysis of the electronic component and the failure phenomenon,failure mode and failure mechanism of failure electronic component.It introduces collecting information content on failure site,and advances cautionary items.It classifies the failure of the electronic component: indigenous failure,applied failure and does ulterior analyses of failure distribution on engineering.Finally,through the two typical examples of engineering practice,this paper explains the engineering application and engineering significance in failure analysis: the failure analysis can improve and heighten the level of the manufacturing unit,it can also promote and heighten the engineered level of the enduser.