Mycobacterium tuberculosis diagnosis from conventional to biosensor-a systematic review

M. tuberculosis is the contributive factor to tuberculosis (TB), which is the foremost death reason attributable to a sole communicable agent and has claimed the lives of millions of people in the past decade. Therefore, it is crucial to discover this bacterial infection as soon as possible to receive quick and proper treatment for patients, as well as for preventing illness propagation. Around 98% of cases of TB are verified in underdeveloped nations, and the development of reliable biosensor-based diagnostic approaches is critical because of the unavailability of well-equipped detecting laboratories for this bacterium. The time between infection and treatment for tuberculosis (TB) is reduced if the disease is detected early. The bulk of traditional Mtb detection technologies, on the other hand, fall short of the parameters for real TB detection. To address these restrictions, newly developing point-of-care devices called biosensors are necessary. Various biosensors that detect the Mtb are summarised in this review having numerous advantages such as low cost, early detection, rapid, simple, no expensive instruments are required, no need for experts, easy to handle, sensitive, specific, portable, reliable, affordable, etc. In this review, first section is all about the introduction and second part depicts the M. tuberculosis (Mtb) based traditional detection methods along with their advantages and disadvantages. The last portion of this review summarised the recently developed M. tuberculosis (Mtb) based biosensor.