Omega-3 fatty acids throughout childhood and adolescence

Omega-3 fatty acids (FA), particularly eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids, play a vital role throughout life. These essential molecules are integral to cell membranes and serve as precursors to various bioactive metabolites that can contribute to the prevention of numerous chronic non-communicable diseases. Since our bodies cannot produce omega-3 FA efficiently, these nutrients must primarily be obtained through diet, with seafood being a major source. After birth, newborns receive omega-3 FA through breast milk. Suitable omega-3 FA intake during pregnancy and breastfeeding, often through fish oil supplementation, ensures normal growth and development and reduces the incidence of allergies in infants. Inadequate omega-3 FA intake in children and adolescents is connected to asthma and skin diseases, as well as various neurological and psychiatric disorders. Conversely, higher omega-3 FA consumption improves cognitive function and bone health, and it is linked to better control of depressive and manic symptoms in adolescents with bipolar disorder. Given their extensive health benefits, ensuring adequate omega-3 FA intake through diet or supplementation is crucial for these population groups throughout life.