Generative Artificial Intelligence in Medicine

The increased capabilities of generative artificial intelligence (AI) have dramatically expanded its possible use cases in medicine. We provide a comprehensive overview of generative AI use cases for clinicians, patients, clinical trial organizers, researchers, and trainees. We then discuss the many challenges-including maintaining privacy and security, improving transparency and interpretability, upholding equity, and rigorously evaluating models-that must be overcome to realize this potential, as well as the open research directions they give rise to.