Assessing care-based power-assertive parenting in Chinese families: Parent and child measures.

Researchers have been interested in exploring the distinguishing features of Chinese parenting and its role in child development, yet research in this area has been hindered by the limited availability of appropriate measures. Based on a perspective focusing on care-based power-assertive parenting (CBPAP) that explicitly emphasizes two integrated aspects of Chinese parenting, care and power assertion, parent- and child-report measures of CBPAP were developed and examined in the present study in samples with a rural background in China. Mothers of kindergarten children (N = 1,214; Mage = 54 months, 515 boys) completed the parent-report measure of CBPAP, and students in fourth grade in elementary schools (N = 714; Mage = 10 years, 385 boys) completed the child-report measure for maternal CBPAP and paternal CBPAP. Data on children's adjustment were collected from multiple sources. The results indicated a satisfactory fit of a one-factor model and internal consistency in the measures. Measurement invariance tests indicated the equivalence of the factor structure of the measures across gender and grades. Moreover, the CBPAP measures were positively associated with children's social and academic competence and negatively associated with children's behavioral problems. The study provided evidence for the psychometric properties of the measures and their meaningful relations with children's social, behavioral, and school adjustment. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).