Targeting Aurora A to Overcome Cisplatin Resistance in Head and Neck Cancer

Cisplatin-based chemotherapy is a cornerstone treatment for advanced recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, the effectiveness of the treatment is often hindered by intrinsic and acquired resistance and associated toxicity, highlighting a pressing unmet clinical need. Here, our compound screening identified Aurora kinase inhibitors, particularly those targeting Aurora A kinase, as potential agents to sensitize resistant HNSCC cells to cisplatin. While Aurora kinases are well-established regulators of mitosis, their precise role in cisplatin resistance is largely unknown, given that cisplatin confers toxicity primarily in cells undergoing DNA replication. We confirmed that depletion of Aurora A or its activators enhanced cisplatin response in resistant HNSCC cells. Analyses of a comprehensive database and locally treated HNSCC patient samples revealed compelling associations between Aurora A overexpression/activation and cisplatin resistance, tumor recurrence, and poor patient survival. Pharmacologic inhibition of Aurora A effectively synergized with cisplatin treatment in cellular assays and a syngeneic mouse tumor model of HNSCC. Mechanistically, Aurora A inhibition enhanced apoptosis induction after cisplatin treatment, particularly in S-phase cells; induced replication stress; and suppressed the repair of cisplatin-induced DNA crosslinking. Taken together, our findings shed light on important functions of Aurora A kinase beyond mitotic regulation. The multifaceted roles of Aurora A suggest its potential as a prime anticancer drug target. Given the ongoing investigations into numerous Aurora inhibitors for cancer therapy, exploring their clinical applications in HNSCC, especially in combination with platinum drugs, may hold significant promise.