Successful Treatment of Refractory Orbital Plasmacytoma with Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapy: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Orbital plasmacytoma is a rare plasma cell tumor that may arise as an aggressive form of extramedullary multiple myeloma. Treatment modalities include surgical excision, radiation, and chemotherapy. Chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy is currently reserved for refractory disease. The authors present a case of a 69-year-old woman with an extensive orbital plasmacytoma refractory to multimodal therapy who was treated with idecabtagene vicleucel chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy. Four days after infusion, the patient exhibited grade 1 cytokine release syndrome, which resolved with tocilizumab. The orbital plasmacytoma significantly decreased in size 1 month after treatment and demonstrated complete serological response and sustained tumor burden reduction at 10-month follow-up. This case highlights the efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy for refractory orbital plasmacytoma and calls attention to potential inflammatory toxicities.