Recognition of the rhizome of red ginseng based on spectral-image dual-scale digital information combined with intelligent algorithms

Red ginseng is a widely used and extensively researched food and medicinal product with high nutritional value, derived from steamed fresh ginseng. The components in various parts of red ginseng differ significantly, resulting in distinct pharmacological activities and efficacies. This study proposed to establish a hyperspectral imaging technology combined with intelligent algorithms for the recognition of different parts of red ginseng based on the dual-scale of spectrum and image information. Firstly, the spectral information was processed by the best combination of first derivative as pre-processing method and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) as classification model. The recognition accuracy of the rhizome and the main root of red ginseng is 96.79% and 95.94% respectively. Then, the image information was processed by the You Only Look Once version 5 small (YOLO v5s) model. The best parameter combination is epoch = 30, learning rate = 0.01, and activation function is leaky ReLU. In the red ginseng dataset, the highest accuracy, recall and mean Average Precision at IoU (Intersection over Union) threshold 0.5 (mAP@0.5) were 99.01%, 98.51% and 99.07% respectively. The application of spectrum-image dual-scale digital information combined with intelligent algorithms in the recognition of red ginseng is successful, which provides a positive significance for the online and on-site quality control and authenticity identification of crude drugs or fruits.