Electrocatalytic CH Annulation of Alkynes to Functionalized Heterocycles: Synthesis and Mechanical Insights

Heterocyclic frameworks are indispensable in pharmaceuticals, advanced materials, and catalysis owing to their diverse structures and wide‐ranging functionalities. In recent years, electrochemical CH annulation using alkynes has emerged as a green and selective platform for the efficient construction of these complex systems. By avoiding stoichiometric oxidants and enabling reagent‐free processes, this methodology reduces environmental impact while improving synthetic efficiency. Alkyne incorporation plays a pivotal role in modulating the electronic and biological properties of nitrogen‐ and oxygen‐rich heterocycles, which are prominent in bioactive compounds. Innovations in electro‐oxidative processes and transition‐metal catalysis have significantly advanced the field, allowing for precise and sustainable transformations. Herein, the synthesis of functionalized heterocycles employing annulation of alkynes electrocatalytically, role of catalysts, and mechanistic insights are overviewed by critically investigating the recent progress in crafting next‐generation heterocyclic scaffolds with functional versatility.