Self-Driven, Stretchable Drug Delivery Electronics for Acne Treatment

battery. Based on the working principle of ion electrophoresis, the direct current power by the integrated battery is applied onto the self-developed drug layer with clindamycin embedded, realizing controllable delivery of clindamycin along with the ions in the electrolyte to target acne lesions, where the drug delivery rate could be well-adjusted by regulating the power output of the battery. Benefiting from advanced mechanical design and material selection, the entire system is fully stretchable and biocompatible, achieving a stretching rate of up to 100% within the yielding limit. This capability allows it to effectively conform to most human body areas for acne treatment. We further validated the self-driven drug delivery system through in vitro and in vivo experiments, showcasing a feasible acne treatment method that not only extends antibiotic efficacy but also ensures long-term wearability.