Diagnostic approach to FNA biopsy of cystic lesions of the head and neck

Abstract Cystic lesions of the head and neck encompass a wide spectrum of benign and malignant entities, which often presents diagnostic challenges as a result of the region’s complex anatomy. Despite extensive literature, variability persists in diagnostic strategies and approaches. Fine‐needle aspiration biopsy is a commonly used and highly effective method for the initial assessment of these lesions by offering a minimally invasive technique to collect cellular material for diagnostic evaluation. A multidisciplinary approach integrating clinical, radiologic, and cytologic findings is essential in diagnosing cystic lesions of the head and neck. This review provides readers with an organ‐based algorithmic approach for integrating anatomic location (central vs. lateral neck), radiologic features, and cytomorphology to refine diagnoses and guide patient management.