The Application of Lignocellulosic Biomass Waste in the Iron and Steel Industry in the Context of Challenges Related to the Energy Crisis

This review presented a comprehensive analysis of recent developments in research regarding the use of lignocellulosic biomass products in the iron and steel industry. The role of lignocellulosic biomass used as a source of energy as well as reducing agents in iron and steel sector in the era of energy crisis served as the foundation for this review. Attention has been paid to different biomass characteristics as well as pretreatment methods and conversion products of biomass. The present review also included some issues of energy management system in the steel industry. Furthermore, the possibilities of replacing fossil energy carriers with lignocellulosic biomass in the steel and iron industry was reviewed focusing on advantages, challenges, and future prospects. The present process and product quality criteria, which biomass-derived fuels must also meet, was discussed. This paper compiled the most current developments in biomass metallurgical research to serve as a source for the theoretical foundation as well as for the development of practical applications. The novelty of this study lies in the comprehensive discussion of the lignocellulosic biomass application in the iron and steel industry that are so far unpublished.