State-of-the-art review of MPPT techniques for hybrid PV-TEG systems: Modeling, methodologies, and perspectives

The development of alternative renewable energy technologies is crucial for alleviating climate change and promoting energy transformation. Of the currently available technologies, solar energy has promising application prospects owing to its merits of being clean, safe, and sustainable. Solar energy is converted into electricity through photovoltaic (PV) cells; however, the overall conversion efficiency of PV modules is relatively low, and most of the captured solar energy is dissipated in the form of heat. This not only reduces the power generation efficiency of solar cells but may also have a negative impact on the electrical parameters of PV modules and the service life of PV cells. To overcome the shortcomings, an efficient approach involves combining a PV cell with a thermoelectric generator (TEG) to form hybrid PV-TEG systems, which simultaneously improve the energy conversion efficiency of the PV system by reducing the operating temperature of the PV modules and increasing the power output by utilizing the waste heat generated from the PV system to generate electricity via the TEGs. Based on a thorough examination of the literature, this study comprehensively reviews 14 maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms currently applied to hybrid PV-TEG systems and classifies them into five major categories for further discussion, namely conventional, mathematics-based, metaheuristic, artificial intelligence, and other algorithms. This review aims to inspire advanced ideas and research on MPPT algorithms for hybrid PV-TEG systems.