Current development on the Operator 4.0 and transition towards the Operator 5.0: A systematic literature review in light of Industry 5.0

Technology-driven Industry 4.0 (I4.0) paradigm combined with human-centrism, sustainability, and resilience orientation, forms the Industry 5.0 (I5.0) paradigm, providing support for the workforce and enabling the Operator 4.0 (O4.0) approach. The I5.0 focuses can face unforeseen challenges, as the applicability and readiness of I4.0 solutions are still not well discussed in the literature. Therefore, structuring existing knowledge of O4.0 to prepare for the smooth transition toward Operator 5.0 (O5.0) is crucial. A systematic literature review is performed in the Scopus database, considering publications up to 31 December 2022. Bibliography Network Analysis (BNA), text mining techniques (i.e., Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), BERTopic), and knowledge graph (KG) were deployed on the retrieved abstracts. The full-text examination is carried out over papers matched by LDA and BERTopic. From the BNA result of 279 relevant papers, clusters of active researchers and topics were found, while text-mining results revealed trending and missing research directions. The extracted details from the full text of 81 papers reflected the coverage and development levels of O4.0 types with the preparation for resilience, human-centrism, and sustainability. Achieved results suggest that though the O5.0 transition is inevitable, I4.0 technologies are not ready with sufficient human factor integration. Missing research orientations including integrated sustainability from the human perspective, or system resilience, concerning drivers and restrainers for technology adoption. To prepare for O5.0, discussed O4.0 drivers can help to shape the favorable conditions, and the restrainers should be mitigated before adopting human-centric technologies. Further study including grey literature is necessary to exploit more industrial and policy-making perspectives.