Low-cost star-shaped hole-transporting materials with isotropic properties and its application in perovskite solar cells

The development of new hole-transporting materials (HTMs) with high hole mobility, suitable molecular configuration and low cost is of profound significance for the enhancement of the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) and the advancement of industrialization. In this work, we have designed and synthesized a highly efficient and low-cost HTM of star-shaped carbazole (MPTCZ-FNP), which has isotropic, multi-channel hole transport properties. As the results show, MPTCZ-FNP has suitable energy levels, good hole transport properties, good film formation and hydrophobicity. According to the results, the efficiency of the mesoporous n-i-p structured PSCs prepared using MPTCZ-FNP material is up to 20.27%, which is higher than that of the traditional HTM Spiro-OMeTAD of 18.35%. Therefore, the present work has designed and synthesized a three-dimensional star-shaped HTM, which provides a reference for the design of subsequent highly efficient HTMs.