Nanolignin-Facilitated Robust Hydrogels

. This hydrogel far outperformed previous hydrogels composed directly of lignin and PVA (tensile strength <1.5 MPa). Additionally, the composite hydrogels demonstrated excellent antifreezing properties (<-80 °C). Notably, the LS-assisted reconstruction technology offers opportunities for the secondary fixation of PVA hydrogel shapes and high-strength welding of hydrogel components. This work introduces an approach for the high-value utilization of LS, a green byproduct of pulp production. LS's profound biomimetic strategy will be applied in multifunctional hydrogel fields.