Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution

The significance of aromatic and heterocyclic compounds in both industry and academia ensures that investigations into new methods of electrophilic aromatic substitution (EAS) and the underlying mechanisms of such transformations continue to receive considerable attention. Halogenation continues to be an important area of investigation in EAS, and methods where more than one of the halogens can be introduced have been described. Studies on new bromination methods and their mechanisms continue to receive much attention. Hydrogen peroxide has been used in combination with potassium bromide to brominate porphyrins in a biphasic system. New mechanistic insights into iodination methods have been presented. The use of anthraquinone in the presence of TFA as a photocatalyst allows visible-light-promoted iodination of electron-rich arenas. Recent research on the classic and ever important nitration reaction includes computational studies and investigations into greener, more environmentally friendly methods.