Noise Control Methods and Music Therapy Effects on Patients with Total Knee Replacement Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial

AIM: This study aimed to determine the effects of noise control methods and music therapy on anxiety levels, vital signs, and postoperative pain in patients undergoing total knee replacement (TKR) surgery. METHODS: This experimental, single-blind, randomized controlled study was conducted between March 2022 and June 2023. Sample size was determined through power analysis, and 100 volunteer patients undergoing TKR were randomly divided into four groups. Patients in the control group received no treatment, whereas those in the active noise control (ANC) and passive noise control (PNC) groups were provided noise control devices during surgery, and those in the music group listened to their chosen music. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) were used to determine the differences in anxiety and pain among groups before and after surgery, and a data collection form was employed to determine differences in vital signs. FINDINGS: At 24 h, VAS scores in all intervention groups were lower than those in the control group (P < 0.001). STAI-I scores also differed significantly (P = 0.014), with better reductions in the PNC and music groups than in the control group. Intraoperative pulse rate, blood pressure, respiration and temperature showed group differences. Postoperatively, differences were also noted in pulse rate and body temperature between groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Noise control methods and music therapy during TKR surgery may help reduce postoperative pain and situational anxiety and may partially stabilize vital signs, particularly pulse rate and body temperature.