Disruption of the Reproductive–Metabolic–Aging Signaling Cascade by Organophosphate Esters: Comparative Toxicity of Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate and Bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate in Caenorhabditis elegans

-4 signaling cascade, impairing TG hydrolysis and lifespan, while TDCPP acted through a GSC-independent route. These findings underscore the central role of GSCs in BDCPP-induced aging, enhance our understanding of BDCPP as a secondary pollutant, and provide critical data for assessing the ecological and health risks of chlorinated organophosphate esters.