Critical success factors for smart contract implementation in the construction industry: a hybrid ISM-DEMATEL approach

Purpose Smart construction is advancing rapidly, yet the application of smart contracts in the construction industry remains limited. A key challenge lies in the lack of systematic analysis of critical success factors (CSFs) and their causal relationships. This study aims to identify and analyse the CSFs influencing smart contract implementation in construction projects, providing theoretical insights into implementation mechanisms and practical implications for advancing digital transformation in construction management. Design/methodology/approach A systematic literature review identified 61 core studies. With input from 15 experts, 14 CSFs were established. A hybrid interpretive structural modelling (ISM) – decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) approach was employed to build a hierarchical framework. This integrated method overcomes the limitations of single techniques by quantifying both the intensity and direction of factor interdependencies, offering a robust analytical foundation. Findings Government support (CSF7) and information technology infrastructure (CSF13) are fundamental enablers shaping the feasibility of smart contract implementation. Top management support (CSF1) plays a decisive role in overcoming interdepartmental barriers and mobilising resources, while stakeholder trust and acceptance (CSF4) critically influence the overall system. These factors act as leverage points for accelerating adoption. Originality/value Theoretically, this study refines CSF modelling in construction informatics by quantifying relational dynamics and advancing a structural–causal framework for digital transformation research. Practically, it provides actionable strategies, highlighting the need to align with government support, upgrade IT infrastructure, secure top management consensus and cultivate stakeholder trust. The framework is expert-verified through consensus analysis, offering a preliminary but rigorous validation and laying a foundation for future empirical investigations.