Tissue Optics and Photonics: Biological Tissue Structures

This is the first section of the review-tutorial paper describing fundamentals of tissue optics and photonics mostly devoted to biological tissue structures and their specificity related to light interactions at its propagation in tissues. The next sections of the paper will describe light-tissue interactions caused by tissue dispersion, scattering, and absorption properties, including light reflection and refraction, absorption, elastic quasi-elastic and inelastic scattering. The major tissue absorbers and types of elastic scattering, including Rayleigh and Mie scattering, will be presented.