Uniform and single-crystalline tellurium (Te) nanorods with high aspect ratio (≈20) are prepared via a cylindrical polymer brush-assisted method in THF at room temperature. These rods are well dispersed and stable in solution. Te nanorods prepared by this method are successfully used as template to assemble inorganic (Te or Fe3O4) nanoparticles on the nanorod surface to form a Te nanorod / Te or Fe3O4 nanoparticle complex structure (see figure).