Engineering functionalized carbon dots as biocompatible nanocarriers for controlled doxorubicin delivery in cancer therapy

assays demonstrated that DOX-loaded Cyd-CDs retained potent antiproliferative activity against tumor cells while exhibiting reduced cytotoxicity toward normal fibroblasts. These findings demonstrate that cyclodextrin-functionalized carbon dots constitute a versatile supramolecular nanoplatform for controlled drug delivery, where host-guest interactions can be rationally tuned to modulate drug loading and release behavior.